In your groups, you are to do research on the impacts of the conflict in Iraq-Kuwait and look at the different level of impact on Kuwait, Iraq and the world at large. You are also required to categorize the impact in terms of social, economic, political impact.
In the comment entry you are required to add your group members names as well.
Chun Boon and Jun Tian
ReplyDeleteImpacts of Iraq-Kuwait conflict
Results
• Imposition of sanctions against Iraq
• Removal of Iraqi invasion force from Kuwait
• Heavy Iraqi casualties and destruction of Iraqi and Kuwaiti infrastructure
Military causalities
• Coalition: 392 killed
• 776 wounded
• Kuwaiti: 1200 dead
Civilian injuries
• Kuwaitis: Over 1000 dead
• Iraqis: 3364
• 300,000 displaced civilians
Economical
• Paid the coalition forces US$17 billion for their war efforts
Liaw Ee Jin, Goh Jia Qi, Vivian Quark, So Jia Yi
ReplyDeleteECONOMIC impact:
Iraq had previously fought a war with Iran, which drained its reserves. As a result, Iraq’s economy was severely weakened. Iraq also had debts to other countries such as the US and France. For example, Iraq owed about US$80 million in debts. Iraq thus had to find ways to pay off its debts and saw Kuwait as a potential solution.
POLITICAL impact:
Coalition leaders had encouraged dissatisfied groups in Iraq to rise up against Saddam. This created political instability in Iraq. An example is the Kurdish uprising. The Kurds rose up against Saddam Hussein as they felt his power was declining and that the coalition forces would help them overthrow the dictator. However, they received no help from the coalition forces and were mercilessly put down. Thousands of Kurds were massacred. The pre-war vilification of Iraq, specifically Saddam, isolated Iraq so completely that post-war interactions were impossible. Separately, but especially together, these failings surely caused a majority of the instability in Iraq after the Gulf War.
SOCIAL impact:
Many Kuwaiti civilians were killed and thousands of others were tortured. Kuwaitis were also treated harshly to force them to flee their own country. The Iraqi military capability was badly destroyed as coalition forces had utilised state-of-the art weapons in their campaign against Iraqi troops. The heavy losses suffered by the Iraqis resulted in a loss of morale among the remaining troops. Suffering of Iraqis was also apparent. Operation Dessert Storm resulted in the destruction of a large part of Iraqi infrastructure. The Iraqi people suffered as they could not carry out their daily activities due to a disrupted supply of electricity. They also suffered from a spread of diseases as the water supply in the country was contaminated. The war created an environmental catastrophe and also resulted in a severe displacement of about 2 million foreign workers which created great suffering for their families back home. Workers supporting large families back home suffered sudden loss of income and created great suffering for their families.
Goh Shi Ling, Cheng Si En, Geraldine Goh Chiew Xuan
ReplyDeleteImpacts of Iraq-Kuwait conflict
Kuwait
Social
-suffered heavy losses on its society
-many Kuwaiti civilians were killed and thousands of others were tortured
-Kuwaitis were also treated harshly to force them to flee their own country
Economic
-economy suffered tremendous losses as the Iraqi army set fire to 600 out of the 950 oil wells in Kuwait
-damages to Kuwait amounted to over US $25 billion.
Iraq
Social
-Iraqi military capability was badly destroyed as coalition forces had utilised state-of-the art weapons in their campaign against Iraqi troops
-heavy losses suffered by the Iraqis resulted in a loss of morale among the remaining troops.
-suffering of Iraqis was also apparent: They suffered as they could not carry out their daily activities due to a disrupted supply of electricity. They also suffered from a spread of diseases as the water supply in the country was contaminated.
Political
-political instability in Iraq arose as Kurds tried to overthrow Saddam as they felt that his power was on the decline
-However, Saddam dealt harshly with the uprisings against him.
-As a result, thousands of Kurds were massacred and almost one million Kurdish refugees fled Iraq.
Economic
-Operation Dessert Storm resulted in the destruction of a large part of Iraqi infrastructure
World
Social
-resulted in a severe displacement of foreign workers which created great suffering for their families back home
-The displacement of foreign workers was so severe that nearly 2 million foreign workers from Bangladesh, India, Egypt, the Philippine and Palestine fled Iraq when war broke out. -Workers supporting large families back home suffered sudden loss of income and created great suffering for their families.
Environment
-Gulf War created an environmental catastrophe
-The Iraqi forces set fire to Kuwaiti oil wells, dumped about 11 million barrels of oil into the Persian Gulf, thus greatly threatening marine life
Economic
-cost millions of dollars to put out the fires and clear the oil slick
• Social Impact (Kuwait)-Many Kuwaiti civilians were killed and thousands of others were tortured.
ReplyDelete• Kuwaitis had an exodus due to the harsh treatment.
• Economic Impact (Kuwait)-The economy also suffered losses as the Iraqi army set fire to 600 out of the 950 oil wells in Kuwait. Damages to Kuwait amounted to over US $25 billion.
• Military Impact (Iraq)- The Iraqi military capability was badly destroyed as coalition forces had utilised state-of-the art weapons in their campaign against Iraqi troops.
• The heavy losses suffered by the Iraqis resulted in a loss of morale among the remaining troops.
• Loss of about 1800-2700 vehicles on the Highway of Death and an unknown number of soldiers killed in action.
• Social Impact (Iraq) – Thousands of Kurds were massacred and millions fled due to persecution under Saddam Hussein
• Operation Desert Storm resulted in the destruction of a large part of Iraqi infrastructure.
• Iraqi people suffered as they could not carry out their daily activities due to a disrupted supply of electricity.
• Amiriyah Shelter Massacre by the United States of America resulted in the deaths of 400 innocent civilians
• They also suffered from a diseases as the water supply was contaminated
• Political Impact (Iraq)- 1991 Kurdish Uprising caused political instability.
• The Kurds were attempting a coup d’état to force the dictator Saddam Hussein out.
• Economic Impact (Iraq)- The collapse in oil prices had a catastrophic impact on the Iraqi economy. The Iraqi Government described it as a form of economic warfare, which it claimed was aggravated by Kuwait slant-drilling across the border into Iraq's Rumaila oil field
• Environmental Impact (World) - The Regional and Environmental Impact was another damaging result of the war.
• The Iraqi forces set fire to Kuwaiti oil wells, dumped about 11 million barrels of oil into the Persian Gulf, thus greatly threatening marine life and cost millions of dollars to put out the fires and clear the oil slick.
• Political Impact (World)- USA credibility was re-established in the world. (Respect was lost after the Vietnam War)
• Social Impact (World)- Displacement of foreign workers
• many military personnel deployed to war zones suffer not only long-term health effects but also adverse psychosocial effects
• Veterans on return from deployment, especially those suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression, might find reintegration into family, social, and occupational settings difficult.
Hakim, Chuan Jie, Jian Shu, Weihao
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ReplyDeleteBeh Xiaohan, Jocelyn Liew, Crystal Tan, Rebecca Tan
ReplyDeleteImpacts on Kuwait:
ECONOMIC IMPACTS
• The Kuwaiti oil industry suffered a massive drop in production due to the destruction imposed on so many oil wells
• It is estimated that during this crisis, a total of 67 million tons of oil were burned, resulting in great loss in economy.
SOCIAL IMPACTS
• About 1,000 Kuwaiti civilians were killed and more than 300,000 residents fled the country
• The Kuwaiti children and adolescents and the families whose members had been killed or imprisoned and had faced violence directly or indirectly mostly predisposed to mental disorders.
• Unhappiness, withdrawal, speech problems, sleep disorders, nightmares and violent behaviors were common symptoms among Kuwaiti children.
Impacts on Iraq:
SOCIAL IMPACTS
• Caused more than 4,400 American service members and tens of thousands of Iraqis dead
The last U.S. combat troops crossed the border into Kuwait on Thursday morning, bringing to a close the active combat phase of a 7½-year war that overthrew the dictatorial regime of Saddam Hussein.
• Resulted in an Gulf war illness
A panel of veterans and scientists, led by the Research Advisory Committee on Gulf War Veterans' Illnesses, has concluded the illness is real and it was caused by exposure to toxic chemicals, including pesticides and a drug administered to protect troops against nerve gas in the 1991-1992 Gulf War.
Gulf War syndrome includes memory loss, digestive and neurological problems, fatigue and pain.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
• A more serious problem was that acid rain forms from burning oil and also people with respiratory problems or other diseases could be dangerously impacted by smoke- clogged air.
ECONOMIC IMPACT
• Saddam Hussein was unable to find funds to repay the other Arab states for Iraq's previous war with Iran. Some Arab rich states were unwilling to provide help to Iraq again, and many were complaining about Iraq's inability to repay its debts. The only way for Iraq to obtain revenue was through oil exports, knowing that OPEC would not increase the quotas. In addition, Kuwait was overproducing oil which caused the prices to drop drastically and this angered Saddam.
• Losses in military equipment alone totaled over $50 billion (1995). The time and effort needed to repair the damage and build replacement facilities will take years to accomplish. This will also be difficult for Iraq because of the pending arms embargo on the state.
Impacts on the world:
SOCIAL IMPACTS
• More than 400,000 Kuwaits and several thousand foreign nationals, fled the country. They escaped to other countries in the globe causing immigration disruptions.
• The conflict not only affected the residents in the country itself, other countries were also dragged into the picture indirectly. For instance, more than 150,000 Indian nationals living in Kuwait had to be air-lifted by the Indian government within a span of a week.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
• There were buring of oilfields in desperate attempts to threaten the other party to surrender. This caused severe air pollution as the suspension in the air was blown all across the middle east countries. Large amount of oil were also dumped into the Persian Gulf, resulting in posioning of the marine life.
POLITICAL IMPACT
• Diplomatic ties between Kuwait, Iraq and other countries were strained. For example, when America decided to defend Saudi Arabia and get Iraq out of Kuwait, they have proved to become enemies.
Ng Ying Dan, Teo Bei Fang, Tuieng Wei Ting of class 4e3
ReplyDeleteIraq-Kuwait conflict (First Persian Gulf War AKA Operation Desert Storm)
IMPACT ON IRAQ
Social impact
· Of Iraq's 545,000 troops in the Kuwait theater of operations, an estimated 100,000 were killed, and 300,000 were wounded.
· Theft and sale of artifacts from Iraq's regional museums
· UN-mandated economic sanctions caused unemployment and hunger, forcing ordinary Iraqis to do whatever was necessary to feed themselves — including crime
Economic impact
· The economic and trade sanctions contribute to severe economic hardship in Iraq
Military impact
· Iraq's nuclear, biological and chemical weapons development programs, its air defenses, its offensive air and ballistic missile capability, and its internal state control mechanisms are crippled or destroyed.
· Iraq lost 234 aircrafts
· 375 of Iraq's 594 hardened aircraft shelters were damaged or destroyed by coalition bombing.
· Destroyed much of Iraq's ability to wage aggressive warfare on his neighbors
IMPACT ON KUWAIT
Environmental impact
· land was abused greatly from transportation of heavy artillery and movement of troops across the desert
· build-up of solid wastes polluted the ground
· Outside of the desert soil, plant life was also destroyed
· Desert vegetation was uprooted, trampled, and destroyed
· atmosphere was damaged from the fire and smoke
· Iraqi troops set fire to over six-hundred oil wells in several Kuwait oil fields
· acid rain forms from burning oil
· people with respiratory problems or other diseases could be dangerously impacted by smoke
· More than 800 miles of Kuwait and Saudi Arabian beaches were oiled and marine wildlife was devastated
· birds were the hardest hit of any group of organisms and thousands lost their lives
· some turtles had died and that most Karan Island green turtles had lesions
· at least 80 ships were sunk during the Gulf War, many of which carried oil and munitions
Economic impact
· 100 billion barrels of reserves lost
· spent US$1.5 billion for putting out fires
· reconstruction expenses in the oil sector would reach US$6.5 billion
· oil slicks, which cost more the $700 million to clean-up
· Kuwait's oil industry severely deteriorated and suffered a massive drops in production
Social impact
· More than half the population fled during the war
· fewer nonnationals were allowed to return
· division emerged between those who had stayed behind in the resistance and those who had fled
· 600 or more Kuwaitis remain prisoners in Iraq
· The theft and sale of artifacts from Kuwait
Political impact
· ruling family fled in the face of the Iraqi danger
· majority pressing for political liberalization (specifically, for parliamentary elections)
IMPACT ON THE WORLD
Environmental impact
· Depleted Uranium (DU) contributes to a number of instances of health issues
Economic impact
· oil prices rose from under $20 per barrel to over $30 per barrel in the spot market
Social impact
· civilian fatalities at about 3,500 from bombing, and some 100,000 from other effects of the war
· United States casualties were 148 killed in action and 458 wounded
· Total casualties of the other coalition members were 77 killed in action and 830 wounded
Esmond, Elijah, Clifton, Jun Hou
ReplyDeleteImpact on Kuwait:
SOCIAL
Over 1000 Kuwaiti civilians killed,
Thousands more tortured,
Property seized from Kuwaitis and given to Iraqis,
ECONOMIC
Retreating Iraqi forces set fire to over 600 Kuwait oil wells which resulted in over US$25 billion in damages.
Impact on Iraq:
SOCIAL
Iraqis in military decimated as a result of Operation Desert Storm,
Sustained bombings by coalition warplanes damaged a large part of Iraq's infrastructure,
POLITICAL
Political instability within Iraq,
Iraqi military was called in to put down various factions planning an uprising which resulted in loss of army strength.
Impacts on an international scale:
SOCIAL
Fire from oil wells caused air pollution,
11 million barrels of oil were dumped into the Persian Gulf which caused sea pollution,
ECONOMIC
Millions of dollars spent to clean up the environmental crisis.
Group members are: Yakira(10), Divya(14), Xiu Zhen(17)
ReplyDeleteKUWAIT
Social Impact
-More than 1000 civilians were killed and many others were tortured.
-Kuwaitis were forced to leave their country due to the harsh treatment.
- The impact on Kuwait was bad because it led to the Kuwaitis suffering in their own homeland and their own survival in their own country was at stake.
Economic Impact
-Iraq military forces set fire to the many oil wells in Kuwait, causing them to be destroyed
-Damages up to US$25 billion
-Kuwait has accumulated almost $40 billion
external debt in order to finance the cost of internal reconstruction.
-6 million barrels (950,000 m3) of oil were lost each day during the Gulf war
Political Impact
-More than 1000 kuwaiti civilians killed, thousands tortured.
-Iraqis took over Kuwaiti’s houses and the soldiers looted from museums, hospitals, shops and homes.
-When Iraqi army retreated, they set fire to 600 out of 950 oil wells, which cause Kuwaiti to have a loss of US$25 billion.
IRAQ
Social Impact
-The conflict led to Iraqis suffering.
-The bombings carried out led to the people not being able to carry out their daily activities.
-Infrastructure was also terribly destroyed by the bombs.
-Electricity was affected thus water could not be purified and it led to the spread of diseases as the water was contaminated.
-spread of diseases and inability to carry out daily activities, standard of living decline.
Economic Impact
-After four years of US occupation, Iraq suffers from extreme unemployment and poverty
-Average annual income had fallen from between $3,600 and $4,000 in 1980 to between $500 and $600 by the end of 2003
-Oil production fell from 3.4 million barrels to just under a million in the summer of 1990.
-Prices of oil dropped from US$18 to US$7 per barrel on global oil market.
-Iraq owes a total of US$80 million in debt.
Political Impact
-Suffered heavy losses
-Being belligerent(hostile), Iraqi military was decimated(to kill large numbers) by coalition forces using F-14s and F-117.
-Sustained bombings by coalition forces cause large area of Iraq’s infrastructure to destroyed.
REGIONAL LEVEL
Social Impact
-The Iraq War led to the displacement of foreign workers who were working in Kuwait. The workers left the country when war broke out.
-Many of the workers lost their jobs and had no money to send back home.
-As these workers were supporting large families back home, their families suffered.
-The absence of jobs leads to low income for the survival of the families. The home countries of the foreigners are also affected as a result.
Economic Impact
-Regional economic instability disrupts trade flows.
-The shares of merchandise and manufactured trade are lower than before the war
-There are increased military outlays after war, therefore defence expenditures are higher.
-The Iraq-kuwait conflict weakens the global market such that unilateralist approach by the United States could threaten progress on global economic integration.
-Resulted in the world being a lot more vulnerable to war-related effects and other shocks as seen from the occasional terrorist attacks from Iraq.
Political Impact
-Actions of retreating Iraqi army causes environmental catastrophe.
-E.g. : set fire to Kuwaiti oil wells and dumped 11 million barrels of oil in to Persian Gulf
-Led to tremendous air pollution and water pollution
-2 million foreign workers got displaced
–loss of salary which led to misfortune for family
-Environmental damage
-Oil slick resulted in loss of marine life ( loss of income for fisherman) and also loss of birds
Hong Jie(28),Hong Liang(29), Anson Chua(24), Paul Tan(33)
ReplyDeleteImpacts of the Iraq-Kuwait conflict
- Social impact on Kuwait: The people of Kuwait were used as hostages during the Iraqi occupation. More than 1,000 Kuwaiti civilians were killed and thousands more were tortured. These harsh treatments have caused about half of the Kuwaiti population to flee the country, including more than 400,000 Kuwaitis and several thousand foreign nationals, which have resulted in a severe decline in population for Kuwait. In fact, a 2005 study revealed that the Iraqi occupation had a long-term adverse impact on the health of the Kuwaiti populace.
- Economic impact on Kuwait: During the 7-month long Iraqi occupation, the forces of Saddam Hussein allegedly looted Kuwait's vast wealth, seizing their properties and bringing it back to Iraq. The retreating Iraqi army also set fire to 600 oil wells in Kuwait. This cost Kuwait tremendously, with estimated damages of over US$25 billion, not forgetting the cleaning-up process which cost more than $700 million. With the decrease in population, there are also less people to work and generate income for Kuwait, resulting in a further decline in economy for Kuwait.
- Social impact on Iraq: The people of Iraq suffered as the coalition bombings destroyed a large part of Iraqi infrastructure, disrupting the supply of electricity and resulting in the contamination of the water supply which caused the spread of diseases. This is because water purification and sewage treatment facilities could not operate without electricity. The heavy losses suffered by the Iraqis have also resulted in a loss of morale among the remaining troops, which can be seen when soldiers tried to flee Iraq but were bombed by coalition warplanes. This resulted in a heavy loss for the Iraqi war troops, with the number of people in the army decreasing by almost 25%. In fact, soldiers were not the only ones fleeing Iraq; nearly two million foreign workers from Bangladesh, India, Egypt, the Philippines and Palestine fled Iraq when war broke out, resulting in the displacement of foreign workers.
- Economic impact on Iraq: After the Iraq-Iran conflict, Iraq has already suffered very heavy losses. The Iraq-Kuwait conflict has further decreased Iraq’s economy, with money being channelled to rebuild infrastructure instead of upgrading them, which hindered the development of Iraq. It has also been calculated that the losses in military equipment alone cost over $50 billion, while the time and effort needed to repair the damage and build replacement facilities will take years to accomplish. This will be even more difficult for Iraq because of the pending arms embargo on the state.
ReplyDelete- Political impact on Iraq: After the war, there was political instability in Iraq, with the Kurds (a group opposing Saddam) and other groups rising up and planning to overthrow Saddam as they felt that his power was declining after the recent loss in war. The Iraqi military was thus forced to put down uprisings from various factions intending to overthrow Saddam Hussein. This not only led to more military losses but also created a dystopia within Iraq deterring foreign investors and hindering the development of Iraq.
- Economic impact on the World: It has cost millions of dollars to put out the fires and clear the oil slick from the Persian Gulf that the Iraqis started. In addition, nearly two million foreign workers who were working in Kuwait were displaced as a result of the conflict. Many of these had been supporting their families back home and the abrupt loss of salary meant great misfortune for their families from all around the world.
- Environmental impact on the World: Numerous fires at the 600 oil wells in Kuwait started by the retreating Iraqi army created an environmental catastrophe. The fire that they set led to tremendous pollution to both the atmosphere and the ocean, greatly threatening all life around Kuwait. An example would be the formation of acid rain or other diseases which are caused by the smoke-clogged air. Experts attending a conference at Harvard projected that approximately 1,000 Kuwaitis would be killed by air pollution, with more than 800 miles of Kuwait and Saudi Arabian beaches affected by oil and marine wildlife devastated. Images of birds coated with oil painted an accurate picture of the occurrences in the Gulf.
Additionally, the build-up of solid wastes polluted the ground, and that may lead to future groundwater contamination. Outside of the desert soil, plant life was also destroyed in great numbers. Desert vegetation was uprooted, trampled, and destroyed over the course of the war. Another viewpoint indicated that the ships that were submerged during the Iraq-Iran War, which carries oil and munitions, will remain a chronic source of contamination of the Arabian Gulf for many years.
Yu Thet Wai, Annmaria, Cheryl, Pei Lu
ReplyDeleteKUWAIT
Economical:
Iraqi set fire on Kuwait's oil wells- cost millions of dollars to put out the fire.
Environmental and Regional:
1. Environmental catastrophe
2. Dumped oil into Persian Gulf
3. Air, water and soil are polluted- pollutants seeped from bombed chemical plants into rivers
4. Smog formation
5. Acid rain
6. Increases salinity in oil wells.
All the above environmental impacts threatened marine life, causes health hazards for people and wildlife.
IRAQI
Social
1. Many innocent Iraqis had to go through sufferings and were also killed.
2. Iraqi military capability was destroyed
3. Lost of morale among the remaining Iraqi troops
4. Sudden lost of income for workers in the country
Political
1. political instability
Economical
1. Destruction of a large part of Iraqi infrastructure
2. Disrupted supply of electricity and water supply is contaminate
3. The country suffered heavy losses, and it is finally financially drained.
GLOBAL
1. Sharp increase in oil prices slowed down economic growth tourism and aviation industries suffered oil supplies reduced.
2. Middle east has less oil exports as countries worry about volatile prices and look for other sources